第二章 犯错与愚蠢之间(第7/8页)

[9] Reichspost,Jan. 9,1913.

[10] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Mar. 1909,Robert Lansing,“Nationality and the Present Balkan Situation”;M 862,roll 940,Oct. 11,1914,“Interview with Prince Lazarevich-Hraselianovic.”

[11] Norman Stone,“Army and Society in the Habsburg Monarchy,1900-1914,” Past and Present 33,no. 1(1966):107.

[12] Georg von Alten,Handbuch für Heer und Flotte(Berlin:Deutsches Verlagshaus,1909-1914),6:639.

[13] Georg von Alten,Handbuch für Heer und Flotte(Berlin:Deutsches Verlagshaus,1909-1914),6:639-640.

[14] Michael Stephenson,The Last Full Measure:How Soldiers Die in Battle(New York:Crown,2012),234-235.

[15] Georg Markus,Der Fall Redl(Vienna:Amalthea Verlag,1984),43.

[16] Gunther E. Rothenberg,The Army of Francis Joseph(West Lafayette,IN:Purdue University Press,125-127);Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf,Infanteristische Fragen und die Erscheinungen des Boerenkrieges(Vienna:Seidel,1903),4.

[17] Kurt Peball,“Der Feldzug gegen Serbien und Montenegro im Jahre 1914,” Österreichische Militärische Zeitschrift Sonderheft I(1965):20;Samuel R. Williamson Jr.,Austria-Hungary and the Origins of the First World War(New York:St. Martin’s,1991),63.

[18] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Vienna,Oct. 4,1908,O’Shaughnessy to Root,and Mar. 1909,Robert Lansing,“Nationality and the Present Balkan Situation”;Boston Herald,Oct. 9,1908.

[19] Kriegsarchiv,Vienna(KA),B/1503:4,Sarajevo,Oct. 19,1914,Theodor Zurunic,“Promemoria.”

[20] KA,B/232:11,Sarajevo,Feb. 23,1909,FML Appel to Ob. Brosch;British National Archives,Kew(BNA),FO 120/907,Vienna,Oct. 28,1913.

[21] Norman Stone,The Eastern Front 1914-1917(London:Penguin,1998[1975]),1.22;Williamson,Austria-Hungary and the Origins,44;Gunther E. Rothenberg,“The Austro-Hungarian Campaign Against Serbia in 1914,” Journal of Military History,Apr. 1989,128-129;Conrad,Infanteristische,4-5;SHAT,7N 1125,Vienna,July 1,1882,Capt. Blanche,Vienna,Jan. 1914,7N 846,2èmc Bureau,Paris,Mar. 29,1913,Cdt. Girard,“L’Armée Austro-Hongroise”;Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf,Aus Meiner Dienstzeit 1906-1918(Vienna:Rikola,1921-1923),1:39-40.

[22] KA,B/677:0-10,4(Auffenberg),Vienna,Jan. 1,1913,“Memorandum nach meiner Demission als Kriegsminister.”

[23] Stone,Eastern Front,123;Rothenberg,Army of Francis Joseph,111.

[24] KA,B/677:0-10(Auffenberg),Sarajevo,July 1910,“Geist und innere Verfassung der Armee 1910”;BNA,FO 120/906,Vienna,Jan. 16 and Mar. 14,1913,Maj. Thomas Cuninghame to Cartwright.

[25] Wawro,Warfare and Society,205-209;Lawrence Sondhaus,Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf:Architect of the Apocalypse(Boston:Humanities Press,2000),61-77.

[26] Felix Prinz zu Schwarzenberg,Briefe aus dem Felde 1914-18(Vienna:Schwarzenbergisches Administration,1953),17.

[27] Alfred Krauss,Die Ursachen unserer Niederlage:Erinnerungen und Urteile aus den Weltkrieg,3rd ed.(Munich,1923),96-99.

[28] Hötzendorf,Infanteristische,1-3,6,14,57-58,89-90;BNA,FO 120/906,Vienna,Jan. 16 and Mar. 14,1913,Maj. Thomas Cuninghame to Cartwright.

[29] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Pera,Jan. 12,1909,Rives to Root.

[30] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Vienna,Oct. 4,1908,O’Shaughnessy to Root.

[31] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Bucharest,Mar. 12 and 17,1909,Hutchinson to Bacon;Vienna,Apr. 3,1909,Francis to Knox;Budapest,Oct. 5,1908,translation of letter from Franz Joseph to Aerenthal.

[32] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Bucharest,Mar. 17,1909,Hutchinson to Bacon.

[33] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Vienna,Oct. 4,1908,O’Shaughnessy to Root;Boston Herald,Oct. 9,1908.

[34] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Paris,Mar. 26,1909,White to Knox;Vienna,Apr. 3,1909,Francis to Knox.

[35] Christopher Clark,The Sleepwalkers(New York:Harper,2013),85-87;McMeekin,Russian Origins,28-29,36;Rothenberg,Army of Francis Joseph,156;Winston S. Churchill,The World Crisis:The Eastern Front(London;Thornton Butter worth,1931),39-40.

[36] Churchill,World Crisis,28-29.

[37] KA,B/232:11,Sarajevo,Feb. 18,1909,GdI Appel to Col. Brosch.

[38] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Vienna,Oct. 24,1908,Rives to Root;Bucharest,Apr. 1,1909,Hutchinson to Knox;M 862,roll 568,Vienna,Aug. 18,1909,Rives to Knox;Williamson,Austria-Hungary and the Origins,71.

[39] Annika Mombauer,Helmuth von Moltke and the Origins of the First World War(Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001),118.

[40] Norman Stone,“Moltke-Conrad:Relations Between the Austro-Hungarian and German General Staffs 1909-1914,” Historical Journal 9,no. 2(1966):202-203;Mombauer,Helmuth von Moltke,75-76;Rothenberg,Army of Francis Joseph,157-158.

[41] Wawro,Warfare and Society,145-146;Rothenberg,Army of Francis Joseph,143.

[42] Danzer’s Armee Zeitung,May 28,1914,“Eine Lanze für das Bajonett.”

[43] Timothy C. Dowling,The Brusilov Offensive(Bloomington:Indiana University Press,2008),8-9.

[44] Haus-,Hof-und Staatsarchiv,Vienna(HHSA),PA I,810,Int. LXX/I,Belgrade,July 6,1914,Storck to Berchtold,“Aktuelles über die Narodna Odbrana.”

[45] “Dies Österreich,es ist ein gutes Land,” Die Fackel 5,293(Jan. 4,1910)and 5,368(Feb.5,1913).

[46] Vladimir Dedijer,The Road to Sarajevo(London:MacGibbon and Kee,1967),20;Jelavich,History of the Balkans,2:111.

[47] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Budapest,Oct.5,1908,trans. of letter from Franz Joseph to Burian;NARA,M 862,roll 940,Mar.1909,Robert Lansing,“Nationality and the Present Balkan Situation.”

[48] Williamson,Austria-Hungary and the Origins,73-74,105.

[49] Mitrovic,Serbia’s Great War,57-58.

[50] NARA,M862,roll 940,Vienna,Feb.27,1909,Francis to Bacon;BNA,FO 120/906,Vienna,Jan,1,1913,Maj. Thomas Cuninghame to Sir Fairfax Cartwright.

[51] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Vienna,Oct.16,1908,Rives to Root.

[52] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Vienna,Oct.16,1908,Rives to Root.

[53] Die Industrie,Apr.30,1910,“Quo vadis,Austria?”;NARA,M 862,roll 933,Vienna,Sept.2,1908,Rives to Root.

[54] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Vienna,Oct. 7,1908,Rives to Root;Williamson,