注释（第6/9页）
[45] Franklin to C. G. F. Dumas, Dec. 9, 1775, in Papers of Benjamin Franklin,22:287.
[46] Armitage, Declaration of Independence, 165, 166.
[47] Lempérière, “Revolución, guerra civil, guerra de independencia en el mundo hispánico, 1808—1825”; Adelman, “Age of Imperial Revolutions”; Pani, “Ties Unbound”; Lucena Giraldo, Naciones de rebeldes; Pérez Vejo, Elegía criolla.
[48] José María Cos, “Plan de Guerra” ( June 10, 1812), in Guedea, Textos insurgentes (1808—1821), 52–55; San Martín to Tomás Godoy Cruz, April 12,1816, quoted in John Lynch, San Martín, trans. Chaparro, 131.
[49] Baker, “Revolution 1.0,” 189; Baker, “Inventing the French Revolution,” 203,223.
[50] Snow, “Concept of Revolution in Seventeenth-Century England”; Rachum,“Meaning of ‘Revolution’ in the English Revolution (London, 1648—1660).” For an alternative view, see Harris, “Did the English Have a Script for Revolution in the Seventeenth Century?”
[51] hobbes, Behemoth; or, The Long Parliament, 389.
[52] Edelstein, “Do We Want a Revolution Without Revolution?”; compare Rey,“Révolution”; William H. Sewell Jr., “Historical Events as Transformations of Structures: Inventing Revolution at the Bastille,” in Logics of History, 225 –70.
[53] Vlassopoulos, “Acquiring (a) Historicity,” 166.
[54] Furet, “The Revolutionary Catechism,” in Interpreting the French Revolution,trans. Forster, 83.
[55] Marx, The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (1851), in Selected Writings,300.
[56] Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France,26 –27 (quoting Livy, Histories 9.1.10) (my emphasis).
[57] Burke, Letter from the Right Hon. Edmund Burke, 41.
[58] Vattel, Law of Nations 3.3.36, ed. Kapossy and Whatmore, 488. The fuller quotation reads, “Justum est bellum, quibus necessaria; et pia arma, quibus nulla nisi in armis relinquitur spes.”
[59] Burke, “Speech on the Seizure and Confiscation of Private Property in St.Eustatius” (May 14, 1781), in Parliamentary History of England from the Earliest Period to 1803, vol. 22, col. 231.
[60] Burke, Thoughts on French Affairs, in Further Reflections on the Revolution in France, 207.
[61] Vattel, Law of Nations 2.4.56, ed. Kapossy and Whatmore, 291; compare ibid.,3.16.253, ed. Kapossy and Whatmore, 627.
[62] Kant, “Toward Perpetual Peace,” in Practical Philosophy, trans. Gregor,319 –20; Hurrell, “Revisiting Kant and Intervention,” 198.
[63] Burke, “First Letter on a Regicide Peace” (Oct. 20, 1796), and Burke, “Second Letter on a Regicide Peace” (1796), in Revolutionary War, 1794—1797, 187,267; Armitage, Foundations of Modern International Thought, 163 – 69.
[64] 参见，例如Martin, “Rivoluzione francese e guerra civile”; Martin, “La guerre civile”; Andress, Terror; Martin, La Vendée et la Révolution。
[65] Mayer, Furies, 4 – 5.
[66] Serna, “Toute révolution est guerre d’indépendance.”
[67] Drayton, Charge, on the Rise of the American Empire, 2, 8, 15.
[68] Guizot, Histoire de la révolution d’Angleterre, depuis l’avènement de Charles Ier jusqu’a la restauration, 1:xvii: “Telle est enfin l’analogie des deux révolutions que la première n’eût jamais été bien comprise si la seconde n’eût éclaté.”
[69] Marx and Engels, The Communist Manifesto (1848), in Marx, Selected Writings, 230 (“den mehr oder minder versteckten Bürgerkrieg innerhalb der bestehenden Gesellschaft bis zu dem Punkt, wo er in eine offene Revolution ausbricht”);Balibar, “On the Aporias of Marxian Politics.”
[70] Marx, The Civil War in France, in Marx and Engels, Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels Gesamtausgabe (MEGA), 22:158 (“und der bei Seite fleigt, sobald der Klassenkampf Bürgerkrieg auflodert”).
[71] Lenin, Clausewitz’ Werk “Vom Kriege”; Hahlweg, “Lenin und Clausewitz.”
[72] 这是Carl Schmitt的叙述。Schmitt, Theory of the Partisan, trans. Ulmen, 93.
[73] Lenin [and Grigorii Zinoviev], The Military Programme of the Proletarian Revolution (Sept. 1916), in Collected Works, 23:78. 关于列宁和季诺维也夫的小册子的语境，参见Nation, War on War, 80 – 83。
[74] Stalin (1928), quoted in Rieber, “Civil Wars in the Soviet Union,” 140.
[75] Compare Eckstein, “On the Etiology of Internal Wars,” 133; Canal, “Guerra civil y contrarrevolución en la Europa del sur en el siglo XIX,” 46.
第五章 内战文明化 19世纪
[1] Lincoln, “Address Delivered at the Dedication of the Cemetery at Gettysburg”(Nov. 19, 1863), in Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, 7:23.
[2] 详情参见Wills, Lincoln at Gettysburg; Boritt, Gettysburg Gospel; and Johnson,Writing the Gettysburg Address, none of which treats the phrase “great civil war”。
[3] Cimbala and Miller, Great Task Remaining Before Us; Varon, Appomattox;Downs, After Appomattox.
[4] Mably, Des droits et des devoirs du citoyen (1758), 62 – 63 (“la guerre civile est quelque foix un grand bien”).
[5] “La guerra civil es un don de cielo,” quoted in Fuentes, “Guerra civil,” 609;Fuentes, “Belle époque,” 84 – 93.
[6] Chateaubriand, Mémoires d’outretombe, 1358; Caron, Frères de sang, 153 – 57.
[7] Compare Ranzato, “Evidence et invisibilité des guerres civiles”; Grangé, De la guerre civile; Grangé, Oublier la guerre civile?.社会理论中关于战争的研究，参见Joas and Köbl, War in Social Thought, 2。
[8] Rousseau, Social Contract, in Social Contract and Other Later Political Writings 1.4.9, ed. Gourevitch, 46 – 47. 卢梭的观点一定程度上是反驳胡果·格劳秀斯“private” war这个概念的，详见本书第三章。
[9] Clausewitz, On War. 在克劳塞维茨没有那么知名的著作“small war” (kleiner Krieg)中也简短提到了内战，参见Clausewitz, Clausewitz on Small War,trans. Daase and Davis, 121, 131, 163。
[10] Mao and Guevara, Guerrilla Warfare.
[11] “Vouloir donner des maximes pour ces sortes de guerres serait absurde”:Jomini, Précis de l’art de la guerre, 1:85. 关于最近将内战置于规范理论中来叙述的尝试，更多参见Franco Restrepo, Guerras civiles; Fabre, Cosmopolitan War, 130 – 65。
[12] Moynier, Étude sur la Convention de Genève pour l’amélioration du sort des militaires blessés dans les armées en campagne (1864 et 1868), 304 (“Nous neparlons pas, cela va sans dire, des guerres civiles; les lois internationales ne leur sont pas applicables.”)
[13] In volumes 4 – 8 of Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, covering the period 1861 – 65, “rebellion” appears 340 times, “civil war” 64 times. http://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/.
[14] Gastineau, Histoire de la souscription populaire a la médaille Lincoln; Boritt,Neely, and Holzer, “European Image of Abraham Lincoln,” 161; Doyle, Cause of All Nations, 295 – 97.
[15] hugo, Les Misérables (The Wretched): A Novel; Providence Evening Bulletin,May 25, 1885, quoted in Lebreton-Savigny, Victor Hugo et les Américains(1825—1885), 31 (translation corrected). 法语的Les Misérables于1862年3月底在布鲁塞尔上市，而巴黎是4月底上市的。